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Jonathan Holmes Gruber born September 30, is an American professor of economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technologywhere he has taught since An associate editor of both the Journal of Public Economics and the Journal of Health EconomicsGruber has been heavily involved in crafting public health policy.
He has been described as a key architect [7] of both the Massachusetts health care reformsometimes referred to as "Romneycare", and the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Actsometimes referred to as the "ACA" and "Obamacare".
He became the focus of media and political controversy in late when videos surfaced in which he made controversial statements about the legislative process, marketing strategies, and public perception surrounding the passage of the ACA. Gruber was born on September 30,the son of Martin Jay Gruber and Ellie Gruber.
His father is Professor Emeritus of Finance at the New York University Stern School of Businesshaving taught there for more than 40 years.
Jonathan Gruber was raised in the New York suburb of Ridgewood, New Jersey. He completed his BS in economics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in and his PhD in economics from Harvard University inwith a thesis titled Changes in the Structure of Employer-Provided Health Insurance.
Gruber began his career as an assistant professor of economics at MIT in He has published top 10 dissertation writing companies act research articles and has had his hand in editing six research volumes.
He has written Public Finance and Public PolicyHealth Care Reform and Jump-Starting America: How Breakthrough Science Can Revived Economic Growth and the American Dream with Simon Johnson. In he won the American Society of Health Economists Inaugural Medal for the best health economist in the nation aged 40 and under.
FromGruber was an essential architect in Massachusetts' health reform effort and became an inaugural member of the Health Connector Board whose job was to oversee these efforts. Later, Gruber was involved in the creation of the Affordable Care Act and Patient Protection Act.
He worked closely with the Obama administration and Congress as a technical consultant. During the —98 academic year, Gruber was on leave as Deputy Assistant Secretary for Economic Policy at the United States Department of the Treasury.
From he was one of the architects of Massachusetts health care reformtop 10 dissertation writing companies act, also known as "Romneycare. Gruber was ousted from the Massachusetts Health Connector in February During the election he was a consultant to the ClintonEdwards and Obama presidential campaigns. FromGruber served as a technical consultant to the Obama Administration and worked with both the administration and U.
Congress to help craft the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Actoften referred to as the ACA or "Obamacare". The Act was signed into law in Marchand Gruber has been described as an "architect", "writer", and "consultant" of the legislation.
He was widely interviewed and quoted during the legislation's roll-out. In andGruber was involved in crafting and advocating for the Single-Payer and Unified Health System bill in Vermontwhich passed in May The bill established Green Mountain Care, which aimed to be the first-ever state-level single-payer top 10 dissertation writing companies act care system in the United States by the time it was to have kicked in fully in top 10 dissertation writing companies act Green Mountain Care was cancelled in December by Governor Peter Shumlin saying its projected costs were becoming too high.
Jonathan Gruber was later sued by the state of Vermont for falsely claiming hours worked by his research assistant which he invoiced the state for. Gruber has published more than research articles the majority of which were for NBER and has edited six research volumes. He is a co-editor of the Journal of Public Economicsan associate editor of the Journal of Health Economicsand the author of Public Finance and Public Policy.
InGruber received the American Society of Health Economists Inaugural Medal for the best health economist in the nation aged 40 and under.
In both and he was rated as one of the top most powerful people in health care in the United States by Modern Healthcare Magazine. Department of Health and Human Serviceswhile at the same time promoting the Obama administration 's health care reform policies, some commentators suggested a conflict of interest. In response to Krugman's contention, Salon ' s Glenn Greenwald wrote, "What will make it impossible to effectively call out wrongdoing by future corrupt administrations by which Krugman seems to mean: Republican administrations is the willingness of some people to tolerate and defend corruption when done by 'their side.
One heavily scrutinized part of the ACA reads that subsidies should be given to healthcare recipients who are enrolled "through an Exchange established by the State".
Some have read this to mean that subsidies can be given only in states that have chosen to create their own healthcare exchanges, and do not use the federal exchange, while the Obama administration says that the wording applies to all states. This dispute was part of a series of lawsuits referred to collectively as King v.
In Julytwo separate recordings of Gruber, top 10 dissertation writing companies act, both from Januarysurfaced in which he seemed to contradict the administration's position. In Novembera series of videos emerged of Gruber speaking about the ACA at different events, from toin ways that proved to be controversial; the controversy became known in the press as "Grubergate". He said this obfuscation was needed due to "the stupidity of the American voter" in ensuring the bill's passage.
Gruber said the bill's inherent "lack of transparency is a huge political advantage" in selling it. In two subsequent videos, Gruber was shown talking about the decision which he attributed to John Kerry to have the bill tax insurance companies instead of patients the so-called top 10 dissertation writing companies act tax"which he called fundamentally the same thing economically but more palatable politically. In one video, he stated that "the American people are too stupid to understand the difference" between the two approaches, while in the other he said that the switch worked due to "the lack of economic understanding of the American voter".
In another video, taken inGruber expressed doubts that the ACA would significantly reduce health care costs, top 10 dissertation writing companies act, although he noted that lowering costs played a major part in the way the legislation had been promoted. After the first of these videos came out, Gruber apologized and conceded he "spoke inappropriately".
Some defenders of the ACA, top 10 dissertation writing companies act, such as Jonathan Cohncalled Gruber's statements about Americans "wrong and inappropriate" while maintaining that the trickery of which Gruber spoke was standard procedure in passing legislation in Washington, D. Conservative S. Nancy Pelosithen-Speaker of the House, who successfully shepherded the legislation through the House of Representativeswithout a single GOP vote and despite some opposition from pro-life Democrats, stated in a press conference after the Gruber controversy, "So I don't know who he is.
He didn't help write our bill"top 10 dissertation writing companies act, a comment PolitiFact described as "inaccurate". In the wake of the controversy, Jonathan Gruber was called to testify before members of United States Congress.
He gave testimony on December 9,in which he apologized for his remarks, which he called "glib, thoughtless, and sometimes downright insulting". On December 17,Vermont Governor Peter Shumlin cancelled the Vermont health care reform plan, top 10 dissertation writing companies act, on which Gruber had served as a consultant.
According to VPRVermont state auditor Doug Hoffer is auditing Gruber's contracts [55] for Vermont health care reformwhich Gruber "helped Vermont design". The extent of Gruber's contributions to both Massachusetts and federal health care reform has been the source of significant controversy. Inthe Obama administration claimed that Gruber did not have a major role in creating the ACA. According to emails top 10 dissertation writing companies act by the U.
House Oversight Committee to The Wall Street JournalGruber met and consulted with various Obama administration officials in charge of writing and developing the law, [57] including Peter Orszag top 10 dissertation writing companies act, who was director of the Office of Management and Budget OMBJason Furmanan economic adviser to the president, Ezekiel Emanuelwho was then a special adviser for health policy at OMB, Jeanne Lambrewa top Obama administration health adviser who worked at HHS and the White House, and Lawrence Summersthen a top economic adviser in the administration.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Jon Gruber. ProQuest dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. MIT Economics.
Retrieved December 16, The Washington Post. Changes in the structure of employer-provided health insurance. Retrieved July 25, Mitt Romney for signing Massachusetts' historic top 10 dissertation writing companies act care reform".
The Republican. Harvard Kennedy School. Retrieved May 5, The New York Times. Vermont Public Radio. com, December 17, National Bureau of Economic Research. Retrieved November 21, Retrieved November 13, Quarterly Journal of Economics.
CiteSeerX doi : S2CID NBER Working Paper No. Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. February 15, April Retrieved February 7, American Progress. National Top 10 dissertation writing companies act of Social Insurance. Fox News. Retrieved November 15, The Atlantic.
Retrieved September 3, Salon Media Group. Retrieved February 22, Competitive Enterprise Institute. The New Republic. Los Angeles Times. American Commitment. October 13, Retrieved November 10, Chicago Tribune.
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Essay Writing Service You Can Trust. When a student says “I want a pro to write my essay,” they aren’t happy with average results. They need high-quality writing help from expert writers. BestEssay is a top-notch essay writing service that follows their standards. Our writers rock! Nov 16, · The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) became law in The ADA is a civil rights law that prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all areas of public life, including jobs, schools, transportation, and all public and private places that are open to the general public. The purpose of the law is to make sure that people with disabilities have the Business Law Case Studies Examples. Business laws broadly govern the areas of commercial transactions, sales, mortgages, contracts, bankruptcies, etc. Business law case studies involve a dispute between two legal entities regarding such blogger.com students of law schools are given such situations of dispute in order to come up with possible legal solutions
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